Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Spring Allergy?

It is popularly called hay fever or Decongestant allergy.

The main reason is that the body's immune system overreacts to allergens such as pollen, grass dust, tree dust and flower dust that are emitted into the air in spring and autumn.

Symptoms of Spring Allergies:

Runny Nose & Congestion

Transparent, watery runny nose.

Nasal congestion and difficulty breathing through the nose.

Constant Sneezing

Especially in the morning, consecutive and intense sneezing.

Itching and Watering of the Eyes

Burning, itching, redness and watering of the eyes.

Nasal Itching and Nasal Discharge

The inside of the nose itches constantly, there is a phlegmatic discharge down the nose.

Itching of the Throat and a Slight Cough

A feeling of annoyance in the throat.

Although rare, dry cough.

Fatigue and Concentration Problems

Allergy symptoms disrupt the quality of sleep.

Feeling sleepy during the day, inability to focus.

Feeling of Pressure in the Ear / Itching

A feeling of pressure and fullness, especially due to Eustachian tube obstruction.

Things Not to Be Confused With:

Spring Allergy

Common Cold / Flu

Transparent runny nose

Transparent at first, then darkens

Sneezing, itchy nose intense

Usually lighter

There is watering and itching in the eyes

Usually not

Fever is rare

Fever is common

Allergy recurs seasonally

It is usually short-term

Treatment & Prevention Tips:

Keeping the windows closed during the pollen season.

Washing the face, hands after coming from outside.

Using allergy medications (antihistamines) or nasal sprays.

Antihistamine drops for the eye.

In severe cases, allergy vaccination (immunotherapy) may be required.

Diabetics can fast, but this depends on the type of diabetes, the type of treatment and the general state of health of the person.

It should definitely be decided under the supervision of a doctor.

Status by Type of Diabetes:

Type of Diabetes

Can He Fast?

Type 1 Diabetes

It is usually not recommended. Blood sugar can change very quickly, it's risky.

Type 2 Diabetes (Not using insulin)

It is possible under the supervision of a doctor. If blood sugar is in balance, fasting can be performed.

Type 2 Diabetes (using insulin)

Risky. The risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is high, the doctor must decide.

Risks Associated with Diabetes While Fasting:

Hypoglycemia:

Fasting for a long time can cause blood sugar to drop too low. A serious risk, especially in those taking medications or insulin.

Hyperglycemia:

Blood sugar can rise dangerously when a sudden and excessive meal is eaten after Iftar.

Dehydration (Thirst):

If blood sugar rises, the body loses more water, which can lead to kidney problems.

Recommendations for Diabetics Who Plan to Fast:

Doctor's Approval:

A doctor's check should definitely be done before fasting. The dose and hours of medication should be adjusted.

Blood Sugar Monitoring:

Blood sugar should definitely be measured during the day.

If symptoms of hypoglycemia are felt (tremors, palpitations, sweating, dizziness), fasting should be broken immediately.

Sahur and Iftar:

Sahur should not be skipped.

Fiber-rich and complex carbohydrate foods should be chosen (whole grains, vegetables).

Sudden sugar loading should be avoided at Iftar.

Plenty of water should be drunk.

Medication / Insulin Adjustment:

The doctor usually changes the dose of insulin and oral diabetes medications during the fasting period. It should not be changed on its own!

Result:

Fasting is risky and not recommended for patients with uncontrolled, frequent hypoglycemia, Type 1 diabetes.

Patients with type 2 diabetes can fast with the permission of a doctor with a well-balanced diet and medication adjustment.

Individual planning is necessary for everyone.

What is endoscopy?

Endoscopy is a procedure performed by entering through the mouth without surgery to examine the digestive system. Endoscopy, which is sometimes used in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders in the esophagus, stomach, colon and duodenum, consists of a flexible tube with a camera and light at the tip. In some cases, special instruments may be added to the endoscope to perform a biopsy.

What is the reason for gastroscopy?

For diagnostic purposes: Gastroscopy can be performed due to many symptoms.

* Abnormal bleeding

*Persistent abdominal pain

*Difficulty swallowing, difficulty swallowing or blockage of the esophagus

*Nausea that does not go away

*Diarrhea and constipation that does not go away for a long time

*Weight loss for which the cause cannot be determined

*Stomach ulcer

*Infections

*Pancreatitis

*Gallbladder stones

*Tumors

*It can be used to investigate the causes of different ailments in the digestive system.

Biopsy: In addition, a tissue sample can be taken for a biopsy from the stomach, esophagus and duodenum of patients to perform a biopsy in suspicious cases.

What are the types of endoscopy?

In addition to the upper region endoscopy, in which the esophagus, stomach and duodenum are examined, there are different types of endoscopy according to the region being investigated.

-> Lower Gastrointestinal tract endoscopy (Colonoscopy): The endoscope is placed inside the breech and the lower parts of the digestive system, such as the large intestine, are examined. Sometimes, a shorter tube is used to examine only the lower part of the colon (the sigmoid colon). This procedure is called sigmoidoscopy.

->Upper Gastrointestinal tract endoscopy (Gastroscopy): With an endoscope, it is passed through the mouth to the stomach through the esophagus. The esophagus, stomach, duodenum are examined.

What are the latest techniques in endoscopy technology?

The new generation of endoscopes uses high-resolution imaging to create detailed images. In addition, innovative techniques combine endoscopy with imaging technology or surgical procedures.

*Capsule endoscopy: Capsule endoscopy can be used in appropriate patients in cases where other tests performed are not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis. It is performed by swallowing a pill with a small camera inside. The patient does not feel the progress of the capsule in the digestive tracts. The capsule moving through the digestive tracts obtains an image for detailed examination.

*ERCP: X-rays are combined with endoscopy to diagnose or treat problems in the bile and pancreatic ducts.

*Narrowband imaging (Dec): Uses a special filter to help create more contrast between the vessels and the mucosa, the inner lining of the digestive tract.

What you need to know about endoscopy

Is endoscopy a risky procedure?

Endoscopy is a very safe method compared to surgical procedures. Like any medical procedure, endoscopy has low, but no risks.

1-)Bleeding: Bleeding may occur during endoscopy for diagnosis, treatment or biopsy.

2-)Infection: Most endoscopies consist of examinations and biopsies, and the risk of infection is low. The risk of infection may increase when additional procedures are performed as part of Octoscopy. Most infections are minor and can be treated with antibiotics. If your risk of infection is high, your doctor may give you preventive antibiotics before your procedure.

3-)Rupture of the gastrointestinal tract: In rare cases, a tear in the esophagus or another part of the upper digestive tract and damage to organs may occur.

4-)Sedation reaction: Before the upper endoscopy, sedation is applied so that the patient does not feel uncomfortable in order to perform the procedure more comfortably. Although it is very rare, reactions are possible according to the sedation applied.

5-)Chest pain

6-)Fire

7-)Constant pain in the area of endoscopy

8-)Shortness of breath

9-)Difficulty swallowing

10-)Severe and persistent abdominal pain

11-)Vomiting

If these symptoms and complaints are experienced after the endoscopy procedure, you should consult with your doctor.

How to prepare for gastroscopy?

*Eating and drinking should be stopped for up to eight hours before the endoscopy to make sure that the stomach is empty for the procedure.

*Before all endoscopic procedures, information should be given to Op Dr. Izzettin KAHRAMAN about existing chronic diseases and all medications used. Blood thinners should be discontinued a few days before the endoscopy procedure as they may cause bleeding.

*The gastroenterology doctor will make the necessary referrals for people with chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease or high blood pressure.

* Sedation methods are applied to relieve the patient before the procedure so that pain or discomfort is not felt during the endoscopy procedure. For this reason, it is important to have a person who can help the patient after the procedure with him.

How is gastroscopy performed?

* Before the gastroscopy procedure, the patient is rotated to his left side and his head is rotated 90 degrees. If deemed necessary, electrodes can be attached to the patient's body to monitor breathing, blood pressure and heart rate.

*A sedative is given to the patient to minimize gagging and discomfort before starting the endoscopy procedure.

*A plastic mouth guard is used to keep the mouth open. Anesthetic is sprayed into the mouth to numb the throat.

*The endoscope is placed in the mouth. Your doctor may ask you to swallow while the endoscope is passing through the throat. There may be a feeling of pressure in the throat, but usually no pain is felt.

* After the endoscope passes through the throat, the patient cannot speak, but he can make sounds. Endoscopy does not interfere with breathing.

*During the endoscopy, the images are transferred to the screen in the examination room. Images of this scanning process in your digestive tract are saved so that they can be examined later.

* Light air pressure can be given from the esophagus to inflate the digestive system. This allows the endoscope to move freely and the folds of the digestive tract to be examined more easily. Pressure or fullness can be felt from the added air.

*Special surgical instruments can be passed through the endoscope to take a tissue sample or remove a polyp.

*When the examination is completed, the endoscope is slowly pulled back from your mouth. An endoscopy usually takes 5 to 10 minutes, depending on the condition.

What happens after endoscopy ( gastroscopy)?

After the endoscopy, the patient is listened to for about 1 hour in a hospital setting. Patients are sent home the same day after endoscopy.

Since the patient is taking a sedative, it is important to have a person with him to accompany him.

While at home, mild uncomfortable symptoms may be experienced after gastroscopy

*Bloating and gas Cramping Sore throat These signs and symptoms improve over time.

When are the endoscopy results taken?

You can find out the results immediately after the procedure. If he has taken a tissue sample for a biopsy, it may be necessary to wait several days to get a result from the testing laboratory.

What is ERCP?

ERCP is the process of reaching the biliary tract and pancreatic duct by passing through the stomach and intestines with a special endoscopy device entered by mouth, and diagnosing and treating diseases contained in these ducts. Bile ducts and pancreatic duct are 2 of the 12 finger intestines from the area called papilla. it opens to the part. During ERCP, a dye substance is injected from the papilla into the bile ducts and pancreas with special plastic catheters and a film of the ducts is removed. Then, therapeutic procedures are performed according to the determined disease. Usually, the papilla is thoroughly expanded by cutting with a special cautery knife. This procedure is called a papillotomy. Then the bile ducts are interfered with from here.

Who can ERCP be performed by?

ERCP should definitely be performed by Op Dr. Izzettin KAHRAMAN, who is experienced in this process. Both the risk increases and the chance of success decreases in the operation to be performed by someone who is not experienced in this regard. How does the disease occur in the biliary tract?

Bile, which is made in the liver, is stored in the gallbladder and emptied into the intestines to help digestion after meals. The passage of bile to the intestines occurs through the bile ducts. If there is a disease in the biliary tract that will block and reduce the passage of bile to the intestines, it leads to significant health problems. Harmful substances in the bile that cannot pass into the intestines can pass into the blood, causing jaundice and damaging other organs. Again, bile that cannot be excreted or whose excretion slows down can cause significant damage, especially to the liver. An abscess in the liver at an early stage can cause serious inflammation in the blood. In the late stage, liver failure and cirrhosis may develop. These can turn into life-threatening problems. In addition, digestive problems and vitamin deficiencies may also occur because not enough bile reaches the intestines.

Which diseases is ERCP used for diagnosis and treatment?

The most common disease in the biliary tract that can lead to the above-mentioned problems is gallstones. These stones usually come from the gallbladder or can sometimes form directly in the ducts. In addition to the stone, some parasites may settle in the biliary tract and cause blockage. Those who have had gallbladder surgery before may sometimes have narrowing of the bile ducts. Especially in elderly patients, gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreatic tumors can narrow or completely block the biliary tract. Sometimes the tumor in another area may spread to the liver or bile region and cause blockage of the ducts. In all such cases, it is vital to ensure the bile flow by opening the channel. ERCP both diagnoses whether there is a disease in the ducts by showing the bile ducts, and with a special endoscopic surgery, all kinds of duct diseases are attempted by opening the bile ducts from where they join the intestines. If there is a stone or parasite, it is removed. If there is a stenosis, it is expanded or a stent is inserted to ensure the flow of bile. The procedure performed many times is life-saving.

What is the alternative treatment method to ERCP?

The alternative of ERCP is to perform open surgery by entering the patient through the abdomen. However, this process is much more risky, difficult and costly than ERCP.

Is the ERCP process risky, what are the risks if any?

ERCP is much safer and lower risk than conventional surgeries. The most important risk of the procedure is temporary inflammation of the pancreatic gland. This risk is classically 4-5%. However, it can be reduced even more with some measures to be taken. Bleeding due to a rare incision or a small perforation in the intestines may occur very rarely. Such conditions are usually treated during ERCP, rarely open surgery may be required. The risk of serious complications due to the procedure is low. Failure to perform the procedure in a situation where it should be performed may lead to a serious life risk.

Does the patient experience pain or discomfort during the procedure?

The procedure is performed by putting the patient to sleep lightly. Deep anesthesia is not required. The patient does not experience any discomfort during the procedure. However, there may be gas-related abdominal pain for up to 3 hours after the procedure.

Is there any special preparation for the procedure?

At least 8 hours of fasting is required for the procedure. For this reason, it is usually done in the morning. If there are previously used blood thinning medications, they may need to be discontinued 1 week in advance.

Do I need to stay in the hospital for this procedure?

It may vary depending on the characteristics of the procedure performed and the disease. He can stay under observation for about 3-4 hours on the same day and be discharged without hospitalization, or he may need to be hospitalized for 1-2 days and monitored.

Can diseases other than bile ducts be treated with ERCP?

Stone disease or strictures of the pancreatic duct, which are rarer, can also be treated by entering the pancreatic duct with the same procedure.

Colonoscopy is an endoscopic procedure in which the large intestine and rectum are examined. If necessary, polyps in the colon can be removed during the colonoscopy procedure or a tissue sample can be taken for examination in the laboratory. The colonoscopy procedure performed by entering from the breech can be performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The intestine is examined with a flexible tube with a light and a camera at the tip.

What is the reason for performing a colonoscopy?

For Diagnostic Purposes: A colonoscopy can be performed to diagnose problems experienced in the intestine.

*Persistent abdominal pain

* Rectal bleeding

* Chronic constipation

* Unexplained anemia, i.e. anemia or iron deficiency

* Chronic diarrhea

* Colonoscopy should be performed for symptoms such as unexplained weight loss.

Bowel cancer screening: Colonoscopy should be performed for early diagnosis of colon cancer and rectal cancer, even if there are no complaints. colonoscopy is recommended every 5 years over the age of 50. The frequency of colonoscopy may vary for people with a family history of colon or rectal cancer.

Polyp control: People who have previously experienced intestinal polyp problems may need to undergo December colonoscopy control. Removal of intestinal polyps during colonoscopy by early detection is one of the most important ways to protect against bowel cancer.

What are the risks of colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy is a safe procedure. However, from time to time, adverse situations may occur during or after the procedure.

* Bleeding

* Inflammation

* An outward herniation of the large intestinal wall called a diverticulum

* Severe abdominal pain,

* Negative reaction to the sedative used during the procedure

* Rupture of the colon or rectum wall (perforation)

* It can cause problems in people with heart or blood vessel disease.

What should be done before colonoscopy?

To the gastroenterology doctor who will perform the procedure before the colonoscopy;

* Pregnancy

* Lung diseases

* Heart diseases

* Diabetes

* Information about the medications used or drug allergies should be provided.

In order for a colonoscopy to be successful, the intestines must be empty, that is, cleaned. Different methods can be applied for this. If the intestines are not cleaned properly, structures called lesions or polyps may be overlooked during the colonoscopy procedure, colonoscopy may be prolonged(prolonged colonoscopy may also bring risks), colonoscopy may be repeated.

Colonoscopy preparation diet: There may be some dietary or fluid restrictions before the colonoscopy procedure. However, whether this type of nutrition style will be applied or not may vary depending on the patient. After evaluating the patient's condition, the doctor decides whether the nutrition style is necessary for a colonoscopy.

The purpose of the colonoscopy diet is based on avoiding high-fiber plant foods that leave pulp. Problems may occur in colon cleansing because consuming fiber-rich foods will leave too much pulp.

A few days before the colonoscopy: Foods such as whole grain foods, nuts, seeds, dried fruits, fruits with shells or seeds, pasta, peas, dried beans should be avoided. Care should be taken to eat a low-fiber diet. Until the day before the colonoscopy; eggs, yogurt, cheese, red or white meat, fish can be consumed, except offal.

The day before the colonoscopy: Solid foods should not be consumed. Instead, water, tea, fruit juice can be consumed. Yogurt can be consumed once or twice a day before a colonoscopy. It is important to avoid red fluids that may mix with blood during a colonoscopy. Nothing should be eaten or drunk after midnight before the colonoscopy.

After 18.00 in the evening, the necessary medications should be taken to clean the intestine recommended by the doctor.

Colonoscopy day: No solid or liquid foods should be consumed. Since sedative anesthesia will be used during colonoscopy, smoking and tobacco products should be avoided.

Colonoscopy preparation medications: There are different medications and methods for colonoscopy that allow the intestines to be cleaned. The doctor who will perform the colonoscopy will make medication and dosage adjustments according to the patient.

In addition to the colonoscopy nutrition to be applied, many drugs such as sodium phosphate, laxative drugs, drugs containing the active ingredient macrogol, mannitol, polyethylene glycol are used to clean the intestines. These medications should be completed 8 hours before the colonoscopy.

In addition to these drugs, the colon can also be cleaned by methods such as enema and intestinal washing (irrigation method). How is colonoscopy performed?

* It is recommended to wear loose-waisted comfortable clothes to be comfortable after the procedure on the day of the colonoscopy.

* Before starting the colonoscopy, medication sedation and painkillers are applied to the patient to calm down.

* During the procedure, a garment called colonoscopy pants is worn that will leave the patient's back exposed

* If deemed necessary, electrodes can be attached to the patient's body to monitor breathing, blood pressure and heart rate.

* The patient is placed on the side of the examination table and the colonoscopy position is provided by pulling the knees towards the chest.

* After taking the colonoscopy position, the doctor places the colonoscope in the breech.

* The doctor may give some air to the intestines so that the procedure can be performed more conveniently and to get a clearer image.

* If any abnormal areas are noted, a biopsy will be performed with a special instrument on the colonoscope. Likewise, if a polyp is found, the polyps can be removed with a special wire ring on the colonoscopy.

* Includes a small video camera on the end of the colonoscopy device. The camera sends the images to an external monitor so that the doctor can examine the inside of the colon more conveniently.

* When the obtained images are recorded and the procedure is completed, the doctor removes the colonoscope.

After colonoscopy

* After colonoscopy, the patient is rested for about 1 hour in a hospital environment. Patients are sent home the same day after colonoscopy.

* Since the patient is taking a sedative, it is important to have a person with him to accompany him.

* On the day of the colonoscopy, it is necessary not to drive a car, make important decisions and not to return to work.

* Bloating and gas pains may be experienced a few hours after colonoscopy due to the air in the intestines. Walking can be good for gas pains that may occur.

* Heavy lifting or strenuous activities should be avoided.

* A small amount of blood may be seen in your stool after a colonoscopy. Usually, a small amount of blood seen after a colonoscopy does not cause problems. However, in cases where bleeding persists, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

* It is necessary to wait for 1 day to pass in order to return to the daily life.

* After the colonoscopy, a normal diet can be started. But if tissue was taken for a biopsy during a colonoscopy or a polyp was removed, the doctor may recommend a special diet.

* It is important to consume plenty of fluids after colonoscopy.

* Patients taking blood-thinning medications may be asked to stop these medications for a while. Nevertheless, any medication used without a doctor's recommendation should be discontinued.

* Pay attention to the symptoms after colonoscopy

* Chills or fever

* Dizziness and nausea that do not go away

* Not being able to go to the toilet

* Having blood in the stool

* Chest pain or heart palpitations

* Multiple rectal bleeding.

* You experience severe abdominal pain or bloating

* You should consult with your doctor if problems such as vomiting occur.

Especially severe abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea and vomiting symptoms may be symptoms of a colon puncture.

How soon should the colonoscopy be repeated?

Colonoscopy is vital in the early diagnosis of bowel cancer. People who do not have any risk factors should start routine colonoscopy check-ups at the age of 45-50. Patients in the risk group with a family history of colon cancer may need to start routine colonoscopy checkups at an earlier age. The frequency of colonoscopy recurrence may also vary depending on the results of the procedure. It is recommended that patients who do not see any abnormalities such as polyps in the results of the colonoscopy performed should repeat colonoscopy scans every 5 years.

During colonoscopy, the frequency of follow-up changes in the presence of abnormal structures and polyps. The number of polyps, the type of polyps and the size of polyps are effective in the frequency of colonoscopy follow-up.

In case of a number of polyps that will prevent the examination of the colon or if the intestines cannot be completely cleaned, it is useful to repeat the colonoscopy within 1 year.

What can be done against nausea experienced during colonoscopy preparation?

Liquid medications taken to clean the intestines before colonoscopy can sometimes cause severe nausea. If nausea or vomiting is experienced, liquid medications taken to Decontaminate the intestines should be stopped for a short time. after a break of 30 minutes- 1 hour, the drugs should be taken again. Dec. It may be useful to drink the liquid medicine slowly so that the feeling of nausea or vomiting does not occur again. Nausea medication can be taken by consulting a doctor. An important trick is to drink the drug chilled, or cold water can be consumed next to the drug.

What can be done against the breech crack and irritation experienced while preparing for colonoscopy?

Since it is necessary to go to the toilet frequently during the bowel cleansing phase, problems such as irritation and breech crack may be experienced. It is quite useful to use baby diaper rash cream or vaseline to prevent such problems. Since it is necessary to go to the toilet frequently, wet wipes may be preferred instead of toilet paper after the toilet. It may also be preferable to sit in warm water after the toilet and dry the skin with a soft cloth.

How big is the size of the colonoscopy hose?

What is Ozone Sauna Therapy?

Ozone sauna is a therapy method performed in a special cabin, where ozone gas (o₃) and steam combine. While making the body sweat, ozone gas is absorbed through the skin and supports the immune system, blood circulation, skin health and the detox process.

The difference from a normal sauna:

Not only the temperature is used, but also the therapeutic effect of ozone gas.

How is it Applied?

The person sits in the private ozone sauna cabin.

The head remains outside, only the body is exposed to steam and ozone inside the cabin.

Ozone is absorbed through the skin pores.

Toxins are removed by sweating, and ozone supports the body with its antioxidant effect.

The session duration is usually around 20-30 minutes.

What are the Benefits?

Detox effect: The body is cleansed of toxins.

Immune support: Ozone revitalizes immune cells.

Circulation improves: blood vessels dilate, blood flow increases.

Skin regeneration: A supportive effect on skin problems such as acne, eczema, fungi.

Muscle relaxation and stress-reducing effect........... Nov.

Weight control: Sweating and metabolism are accelerated.

How Often Should It Be Done?

Usually recommended:

Target

Frequency

Detox / immunity

2-3 Times a week

Skin care / relaxation

1-2 Times a week

Intensive treatment (in diseases)

According to the doctor's recommendation, sometimes 3-5 sessions per week

The intervals of the sessions vary depending on the person's health status December, age and purpose. At first, several sessions are performed per week, then it can be applied several times a month as maintenance therapy.

Who Should Pay Attention?

They're pregnant.

Those with serious heart disease.

Those who are undergoing cancer treatment.

Those with low blood pressure, an active infection, or an open wound on the skin.

In these cases, doctor's approval is definitely required.

What is Ozone Therapy?

Ozone therapy is a complementary (supportive) treatment method applied by administering pure oxygen and ozone gas (o₃) to the body in certain doses for medical purposes. It is usually applied through the blood, under the skin or as ozonated water/oil.

Benefits of Ozone Therapy

Strengthens the Immune System

It revitalizes the body's defense system, gives resistance to diseases.

Increases the Oxygen Carrying Capacity of the Blood

It improves blood circulation, allows more oxygen to be transported to the cells. It can be useful in situations such as fatigue and weakness.

It Shows an Antioxidant Effect

It fights free radicals in the body, slows down aging and cell damage.

Regulates Circulation

It is especially used as a support treatment in cases such as vascular occlusion, circulation problems caused by diabetes, varicose veins.

It Has a Pain and Inflammation Relieving Effect

It can relieve pain by reducing inflammation in conditions such as rheumatism, musculoskeletal system diseases, lumbar November hernias.

It is Supportive Against Infections

It can help with some chronic infections because it strengthens the defense against bacteria, viruses and fungi.

It Has a Detox Effect

It can speed up the excretion of toxins from the body.

Supports Wound and Tissue Healing

Support can be provided with ozone in the treatment of diabetic wounds, chronic wounds that do not heal, burns.

Attention!

Ozone therapy is a medical support treatment, it is not a substitute for the main treatment of the disease.

The application must necessarily be carried out by doctors or health professionals trained in this regard.

Depending on the dose and method of administration, it can be useful, as well as harmful if used incorrectly.

What is a Port Catheter?

Port catheter is a special vascular access system placed under the skin for patients with long-term vascular needs. It is usually used for chemotherapy, long-term drug therapy, blood collection or nutrition purposes.

Structure:

Port: It is a small chamber placed under the skin, usually in the chest area.

Catheter: It is a thin tube that comes out of the port and extends into a large vein (usually a vein in the neck or chest).

How does it work?

A nurse or doctor enters with a special needle (Huber needle) from the skin area above the port and delivers the medication or liquid directly into the vein through the port. Since it is under the skin, the risk of infection is lower, and since there is no pipe outside, the patient can continue his daily life comfortably.

When and Why is the Port Catheter Used?

Port catheter is preferred in cases where the vascular tract is constantly or frequently required. Especially:

Chemotherapy: in the treatment of cancer, when it is necessary to administer drugs frequently through a vein.

Long-term antibiotic treatments.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN): Intravenous nutrition for patients who cannot eat.

Blood collection and blood transfusion (blood transfusion).

In the treatment of some chronic diseases (for example: some rheumatological diseases or hematological diseases).

How is the Port Catheter Installed?

It is worn in a hospital environment, under sterile conditions and with a small surgical procedure under local or general anesthesia.

Usually, a port is placed by making a small skin incision under the chest area.

The catheter coming out of the port is placed in a large vein (usually the subclavian or jugular vein).

The skin is stitched up, and only a healed scar remains on the outside — the port is invisible when viewed from the outside.

Advantages

It is not necessary to search for an intravenous route.

Protects the veins from fraying.

Since there is no line or pipe outside, the risk of infection is less.

The patient can continue things such as bathing, sports, daily life more comfortably.

Things To Pay Attention To

Sterile needles are used during use.

Blockage is prevented by washing regularly with heparin or special liquids.

Even if it is not used for a long time, it needs to be checked at December intervals.

What is a Narrow Channel Surgery Without Screws?

Spinal narrowing is known as spinal stenosis in medical parlance. Pressure on the nerves occurs as a result of compression of bones, ligaments or discs in the spinal canal over time, and this leads to complaints such as lower back, leg or neck pain, numbness, loss of strength.

Narrow canal surgery without screws is a surgery performed to relieve this nerve congestion. As the name suggests, no screws, plates or metal prostheses are attached to the spine during the procedure. In other words, only the narrowed area is expanded, the spinal fixation process is not performed.

how is it done?

Preparation:

The patient is evaluated by imaging examinations such as MRI and X-ray.

It is determined at what level there is stenosis.

Surgical Stage:

It is usually performed under general anesthesia.

The narrowed area is reached with a small incision.

Bone protrusions, thickened connective tissue and pressing tissues are cleaned with special tools.

An opening is left through which the nerves will pass comfortably.

If the structure of the spine is stable and solid, there is no need to put screws; that is why it is called "screw-free".

Advantages:

Smaller surgical incision because no screw is used.

A faster healing process.

Less risk of infections and complications.

The natural mobility of the spine is preserved.

Who Is It Suitable For?

People with narrow canal disease but without spinal shift (spondylolisthesis) or serious spinal stability problems.

In cases where it is risky to install screws for elderly or patients with weak bone structure.